Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Metode Ekstraksi pada Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Lemon Lokal (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.F.) sebagai Sediaan Pewangi Alami pada Sabun Cair Effect of Solvent Type and Extraction Method on Extraction of Local Lemon Peel Essential Oil (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.) as a Natural Fragrance Preparation in Liquid Soap

Abstract

Local lemon fruit (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.) is very common and abundant in Lampung Province. One effort that can be done is to use local lemon peel to extract its essential oil to make a derivative product used as a natural fragrance in making liquid soap. This research used 2 research stages, the first stage was this research was carried out to find the best type of solvent and extraction method in the process of extracting local lemon peel essential oil as a natural fragrance preparation in liquid soap. This experiment used two factors in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The data obtained was analyzed for variance and analyzed further with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level. After the data is homogeneous, the data is then analyzed using variance to obtain the variance of the error estimate and to determine whether there is an interaction effect between treatments. The second stage is to take the best treatment in stage one as a single treatment of concentration of extraction preparations and essential oils that will be applied to liquid soap. The addition of local lemon peel extract and essential oil in stage two was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% with three repetitions. The conclusion from this research is that the appropriate type of solvent based on the results of this research is ethanol with the highest yield in B1C2 of 20% and the lowest in B2C1 treatment of 2% using hexane solvent. The type of solvent influences the high and low yields of extracts and essential oils produced in this research. The appropriate type of extraction method to determine the chemical content of local lemon peel is the maceration method, while for application to liquid soap, based on the results of this research, the best is the distillation method. The type of extraction method influences the yield of the extract and essential oil produced. The results of variance analysis showed that the type of solvent treatment had a very significant effect (F-count > F-table at the 1% and 5% levels) on the yield of local lemon peel essential oil extract, the interaction between different types of solvents and the type of extraction method had no significant effect. Based on the BNJ test table, treatments B1C1, B1C2, B1C3, B2C1, B2C2, and B2C3 are not significantly different in the maceration method treatment and the best concentration of adding local lemon peel extract and essential oil to the characteristics of liquid soap, namely N4 treatment of 5% addition of distillate. The test results obtained were pH 8.433 (SNI standard), color 4.08 (like), aroma 4.12 (like), viscosity 3.92 (like), and overall acceptance 4.12 (like).

Keywords: essential oil extract, local lemon, liquid soap.